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Tips & Advice

Guide to Wastewater Terms

19 August 2024

Comprehensive Guide to Wastewater Terms: OSSM, HSTP, AWTS, Advanced STS, AWWS, and Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor

Wastewater management is critical to residential, commercial, and industrial infrastructure, especially in areas not connected to a municipal sewer system.

The jargon surrounding wastewater systems can be confusing, with various terms and acronyms often used interchangeably. Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone involved in wastewater treatment, whether you’re a homeowner considering options for on-site wastewater management, a builder planning new construction, or a property developer looking to ensure regulatory compliance.

In this guide, we’ll break down key wastewater terms, including OSSM, HSTP, AWTS, Advanced STS, AWWS, and Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor, to help you navigate the complexities of wastewater treatment.

 

1. On-Site Sewage Management (OSSM)

Definition: On-Site Sewage Management (OSSM) refers to the process of treating and disposing of sewage at the location where it is generated, typically on the same property. This system is essential for properties not connected to a centralised sewer network, such as rural homes, farms, or remote commercial sites.

Key Components:

  • Septic Tanks: Traditionally, septic tanks are used in OSSM systems to treat wastewater by separating solids from liquids. The liquids (effluent) are then dispersed into a drain field where natural processes further treat the wastewater.
  • Absorption Trenches or Evapotranspiration Beds: These are common methods for dispersing treated effluent into the soil where further purification occurs.

Considerations: OSSM systems require regular maintenance and inspections to ensure they function effectively and comply with local health and environmental regulations.

2. Household Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP)

Definition: A Household Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP) is a more sophisticated on-site wastewater treatment system designed for individual homes. HSTPs treat all household wastewater, including greywater (from sinks, showers, etc.) and blackwater (from toilets), to a level where it can be safely reused for irrigation or released into the environment.

Key Components:

  • Primary Treatment: This typically involves the separation of solids from liquids, similar to a septic tank.
  • Secondary Treatment: In this stage, biological processes break down organic matter in the effluent, often using aerobic (oxygen-requiring) bacteria.
  • Disinfection: Many HSTPs include a disinfection step, usually with chlorine or UV light, to eliminate pathogens before the treated water is released.

Advantages: HSTPs are highly effective in treating household wastewater and can significantly reduce the environmental impact of sewage disposal, especially in environmentally sensitive areas.

Additional Reading: Home Sewage Treatment Plant (HSTP), What Are They?

3. Aerated Water Waste Treatment Systems (AWTS)

Definition: An Aerated Water Waste Treatment System (AWTS) is an advanced form of on-site wastewater treatment that introduces air into the treatment process to promote the growth of aerobic bacteria. These bacteria are highly effective at breaking down organic matter, resulting in cleaner effluent that can be safely reused or discharged.

Key Components:

  • Aeration Chamber: This chamber introduces air into the wastewater to encourage aerobic bacteria to break down organic matter.
  • Settling Chamber: After aeration, the wastewater enters a settling chamber where any remaining solids can settle out.
  • Disinfection: Depending on the local regulations and the intended use of the treated water, the effluent may be disinfected before being released.

Benefits: AWTS systems are particularly effective in areas where soil conditions make traditional septic systems impractical. They are also suitable for properties with high water tables or where a high level of effluent treatment is required.

Additional Reading: What Is An AWTS?

4. Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS)

Definition: Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) are a step up from traditional secondary treatment processes. These systems use advanced technologies to further treat wastewater after the primary and secondary stages, often achieving a higher quality of effluent.

Key Components:

  • Advanced Filtration: This could include membrane bioreactors, sand filters, or other technologies that remove finer particles from the wastewater.
  • Nutrient Removal: Advanced STS systems may include processes to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, which are common pollutants in wastewater.
  • Enhanced Disinfection: Additional disinfection steps, such as advanced oxidation processes, can further reduce pathogens in the treated water.

Advantages: Advanced STS systems are ideal for environmentally sensitive areas where effluent must meet stringent quality standards before being released into the environment. They also allow for the reuse of treated water for various purposes, including irrigation, toilet flushing, or even potable water in some cases.

5. Advanced Wastewater Systems (AWWS)

Definition: Advanced Wastewater Systems (AWWS) are comprehensive systems that integrate various advanced technologies to treat and manage wastewater. These systems are designed to handle more complex wastewater streams and achieve a higher level of treatment compared to conventional systems.

Key Components:

  • Integrated Treatment Processes: AWWS often combines multiple treatment stages, including primary, secondary, and advanced treatments, to ensure the highest quality of effluent.
  • Customisation: AWWS can be tailored to meet specific needs, such as higher nutrient removal, enhanced disinfection, or the ability to handle variable wastewater loads.

Benefits: AWWS are particularly suited for properties with stringent environmental regulations or where high-quality effluent is required for reuse applications.

6. Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)

Definition: An Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) is a cutting-edge wastewater treatment technology that combines biological treatment with membrane filtration. The MBR process results in a highly purified effluent, suitable for reuse in a variety of applications, including irrigation and potable water in some cases.

Key Components:

  • Biological Treatment: The MBR process starts with biological treatment, where aerobic bacteria break down organic matter in the wastewater.
  • Membrane Filtration: After biological treatment, the water passes through a membrane that filters out fine particles, pathogens, and other contaminants, resulting in high-quality effluent.
  • Compact Design: MBR systems are compact, making them suitable for properties with limited space.

Advantages: MBR systems are ideal for areas with strict effluent quality requirements, offering superior treatment compared to traditional systems. They are also suitable for properties aiming to reuse treated wastewater for non-potable or potable purposes.

7. Comparing Wastewater Treatment Options

When considering the best wastewater treatment option for your property, it’s essential to weigh the pros and cons of each system type. Here’s a brief comparison:

  • OSSM vs. HSTP: OSSM systems are more basic and may be suitable for rural properties with ample land. HSTPs offer more comprehensive treatment, making them better for properties where environmental impact is a concern.
  • AWTS vs. Septic Systems: AWTS systems provide a higher level of treatment than traditional septic systems, making them suitable for areas with poor soil conditions or where effluent reuse is desired.
  • Advanced STS vs. Basic Treatment Systems: Advanced STS systems offer the highest level of treatment, often required in sensitive environmental areas. However, they can be more expensive and require more maintenance.
  • Advanced STS vs. AWTS: Advanced STS systems generally provide a more thorough treatment than AWTS, making them ideal for locations where effluent quality is paramount. While AWTS systems are effective, Advanced STS can handle more complex wastewater requirements, but they may also involve higher costs and maintenance needs.
  • AWWS vs. MBR: AWWS systems offer customisable solutions for a wide range of wastewater treatment needs, while MBR systems provide one of the highest levels of treatment with compact design and potential for water reuse. Choosing between these depends on specific project requirements, such as effluent quality, space availability, and budget.

8. Why Choose a Garden Master Wastewater System?

At Garden Master, we specialise in providing cutting-edge wastewater treatment solutions that meet the unique needs of properties across New South Wales. Our systems are designed with durability, efficiency, and environmental sustainability in mind. Whether you need a basic OSSM system, an advanced STS, an AWWS, or an MBR, we have the expertise and technology to ensure your wastewater is treated effectively and safely.

Key Features of Garden Master Systems:

  • Tailored Solutions: We assess your property’s specific needs to design a system that provides optimal performance.
  • High-Quality Materials: Our systems are built to last, using the latest in wastewater treatment technology.
  • Compliance: All our systems meet or exceed Australian Standards and local regulations, giving you peace of mind.
  • Value: Deal with the manufacturer direct and save.

Conclusion

Understanding wastewater treatment terminology is essential for making informed decisions about managing sewage on your property. Whether you’re dealing with an existing system or planning a new installation, knowing the differences between OSSM, HSTP, AWTS, Advanced STS, AWWS, and Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor systems will help you choose the right solution for your needs.

If you’re considering a wastewater treatment system for your property, contact Garden Master today. Our team of experts is here to help you navigate the options and ensure you get a system that meets your needs and complies with all relevant regulations.

For more information or to schedule a consultation, call us today.

council supervision for septic tank installation in nsw
Tips & Advice

Septic Tank Regulations In NSW

22 September 2023

Whether you’re a long-time septic system user or have recently had one installed, this Septic Tank Regulations guide is for you if you’re in NSW.

This article is a must-read if you’re transitioning from city to country living or considering a new septic installation in NSW. Discover how to effectively manage and operate your septic system to prevent sewage pollution, ensuring your family’s health and the environment’s quality remain uncompromised.

Firstly, septic tank regulations vary by region and are subject to change. In New South Wales, the local council or the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) typically outlines septic system regulations. These regulations cover aspects such as installation, maintenance, and environmental protection. To get accurate and up-to-date information on septic tank regulations in NSW, we recommend visiting the official website of the NSW EPA or contacting your local council’s environmental health department. Alternatively, we’ve supplied and installed thousands of Septic Systems throughout NSW and can provide expert advice or point you in the right direction.

SO WHAT NSW SEPTIC TANK REGULATIONS DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?

NSW Government regulations now require registering every septic system with your council.

SepticSafe registration

Registering is necessary so councils can monitor and manage the overall impact of the septic systems in the drainage catchment. Taken
together, that is a lot of effluent, and no one wants to swim in it.

What is septic tank registration?

Registration is like registering a car. Information about your septic system is sent to the council with an application for approval. The council issues an ‘approval to operate a system of sewage management’, which sets out the basic rules you need to follow to keep the system working well.

The details are set out in the council’s on-site sewage management strategy and local approvals policy. Both of these documents are available at your council.

A fee may be charged to help the council cover the costs of monitoring and managing public health and environmental risks associated with septic systems. People in sewered areas already pay for these costs in their sewerage rates.

How does council supervision work?

council supervision for septic tank installation in nsw

Registration is like registering a car. Information about your septic system is sent to the council with an application for approval. The council issues an ‘approval to operate a system of sewage management’, which sets out the basic rules you need to follow to keep the system working well.

The details are set out in the council’s on-site sewage management strategy and local approvals policy. Both of these documents are available at your council.

A fee may be charged to help the council cover the costs of monitoring and managing public health and environmental risks associated with septic systems. People in sewered areas already pay for these costs in their sewerage rates.

 

The process works like this:

  1. Resident sends in a SepticSafe registration and pays a fee (if required).
  2. Council records the details and determines a risk classification (e.g. high, medium, low).
  3. Council issues an operating approval, which may require regular reports or site inspections.

Note that the approval relates to the owner, not the land. When the land is sold, the new owner should notify the council and obtain approval in their name.

Your septic system may be classified according to an assessment of public health and environmental risks.

Your septic system will be assessed by your council and given a risk classification for the purpose of accountability and supervision. The classification depends mainly on the area where the septic system is located.

Many councils use a three-class risk classification scheme as set out below. Sometimes, more complex classification schemes may be necessary.

HIGH-RISK AREAS

These are highly vulnerable and sensitive environments like villages and areas close to drinking water sources, oyster leases, rivers and wetlands where the release of sewage pollution can cause much harm.

Suppose your septic system is in a high-risk area. In that case, the council will arrange regular checks to assure safety and good practices.

MEDIUM-RISK AREAS

These are vulnerable areas with a lower risk of water pollution because of factors like setbacks, good soil and vegetation and lower housing density.

If your septic system is in a medium-risk area, the council may ask you to do regular checks yourself, and it may do random audits.

LOW-RISK AREAS

These are areas where septic systems are located on good soil well away from waterways, drainage lines, homes and sensitive environments.

If your septic system is in a low-risk area, registration may be all that is required, provided you ensure that it is well-managed and maintained.

As a septic system owner, you are responsible for –

  • Ensuring the house drains and tank don’t leak
  • Getting things fixed if they are not working properly
  • Keeping the system well-maintained
  • Ensuring the system is checked regularly
  • Getting the tank pumped (de-sludged) when it becomes too full to process the flow going into it
  • Maintaining and protecting the absorption field
  • You comply with the council’s requirements for installation, maintenance service and operation and paying fees for inspections or maintenance
Septic Tank Regulations In NSW

Meanwhile, the council is responsible for –

  • Providing general services for the protection of the environment, public health and safety
  • Helping people keep their septic systems working well
  • Providing a scheme of systematic management for all of the septic systems in the council area, including environmental monitoring and technical advice
  • Providing advice and contact information when people need professional services to design or maintain septic systems
  • Regulating the installation, operation and maintenance of septic systems, conducting audits and inspections and keeping a register of systems in use in the council area
  • Providing community information and education programs
  • Monitoring and reporting on the overall impact of effluent and other by-products from septic systems in the state of the environment report for the council area
  • Implementing strategies for ecologically sustainable development

How to protect groundwater

Groundwater (usually from bores) has been tapped for decades, but only recently have we started to understand how vulnerable it is to contamination from surface activities. Pesticides can find their way into groundwater, as can effluent from septic systems. Locating septic systems at a safe distance from wells, bores, creeks, lakes, and houses is vital to maintaining them well.

Badly maintained septic systems

Groundwater is easily contaminated. Make sure your septic system is located a safe distance from wells, bores, creeks, lakes and houses.

 

Failing septic systems can leak chemicals such as medicines, pesticides, paints, varnishes and thinners into the local groundwater. Some chemicals, even in small amounts, can harm the environment and public health.

Failing septic systems

Even if the septic system works well, these contaminants can enter groundwater under certain geological conditions. Fractured bedrock and shallow groundwater tables may also allow bacteria and viruses to be transported rapidly, contaminating nearby drinking water supplies.

Recommended buffer distances for septic systems

All land application systems
  • 100 metres to permanent surface waters (e.g. river, stream, lake)
  • 250 metres to domestic groundwater well or bore
  • 40 metres to other waters (e.g. farm dams, intermittent streams, drainage channels etc.)
Surface spray irrigation
  • 6 metres uphill, and 3 metres downhill of driveways and property boundaries
  • 15 metres to dwellings
  • 3 metres to paths and walkways
  • 6 metres to swimming pools
Surface drip and trickle irrigation; Sub-surface irrigation
  • 6 metres uphill, and 3 metres downhill of swimming pools, property boundaries and buildings
Septic tank absorption trench area
  • 12 metres uphill, and 6 metres downhill of property boundary
  • 6 metres uphill and 3 metres downhill of swimming pools, driveways and buildings
  • 3 metres to paths and walkways
Recommended buffer distances for septic systems

SEPTIC SHOPPING GUIDE

Investigate before you invest.

If you plan to purchase land for a new home, check before buying.

If a reticulated sewerage scheme is unavailable, you must consider a septic system or something similar. Your first step should be to obtain advice from your local council, local land use consultant or a wastewater expert.

If you are buying an existing home with an existing septic system, ask the seller a few important questions, such as –

  • How old is the septic system?
  • When was the tank last pumped out and de-sludged?
  • How frequently was it pumped out?
  • Have there been any signs of failure?
  • Have there been any additions to the house that might make it necessary to increase the size of the system?
septic tank in shopping trolley

Which septic system is best?

When choosing a septic system, the most important thing to consider is where it will be used, how it will be used and who will use it. For example, a septic system in a weekend holiday home will be less used than one in a large, permanently occupied family home.

The septic system you choose will depend on the site’s suitability for effluent absorption, how many people will live in the home, what area of land is available, what kind of lifestyle the family lives, and what heavy water-use appliances are in the home. A septic system specialist will advise you about what is best for your situation.

Soil type, salt content, local rainfall and the depth of the water table all need to be considered when deciding where to put a new septic system. These decisions should be discussed with an environmental specialist.

Septic systems vastly vary from traditional septic tanks, sand filters, rare evapotranspiration beds, and wetland systems to modern Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) and Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS), which are fast becoming the most popular choice of septic systems used throughout New South Wales, ACT and Victoria.

If you need help determining what septic system would suit your property, check out our article Septic Tank Buying Guide or get in touch for some friendly advice.

Remember to ask for a cost estimate for maintenance as well as installation and consider environmental impacts.

Garden Master has been an industry leader for over 30 years, manufacturing, supplying, and servicing quality wastewater treatment systems and septic tanks for thousands of clients across Australia.

Don’t hesitate to call us on 1800 632 582 with any questions!

residential single tank AWTS Advanced STS Wastewater Treatment Systems
Tips & Advice

What Are Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS)

21 August 2023

Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems, or AWTS, are self-contained wastewater treatment systems. 

Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems, also known as an AWTS, is a self-contained solution for treating and processing wastewater commonly used for households or small-scale commercial properties. These septic systems employ aeration followed by clarification to biologically treat wastewater, producing a high-quality effluent.

AWTS are typically installed on properties that cannot connect to a reticulated town sewer system and have become the most popular choice for wastewater management today. The advanced treatment process ensures the final effluent is of excellent quality, reducing risks to your family’s health, neighbouring properties, and local waterways. This high-quality effluent is dispersed just below the surface of the ground, effectively reusing the treated water to irrigate gardens and lawns.

These wastewater systems are versatile and can be installed on properties with challenging conditions, such as rocky terrain, sandy soils, high-water tables, steep gradients, or limited space. Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems are also the preferred choice in environmentally sensitive areas due to their reliability and eco-friendly design.

An AWTS receives and treats all household wastewater from the following sources:

  1. Kitchen
    • Wastewater from sinks, dishwashers, and other kitchen activities.
  2. Bathrooms
    • Water from showers, bathtubs, and bathroom sinks.
  3. Laundry
    • Wastewater from washing machines and laundry tubs.
  4. Toilets
    • Blackwater from toilets, containing human waste and toilet paper.
  5. Other Household Fixtures
    • Any additional drains or fixtures that produce wastewater within the home.

Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems treats all this wastewater through aeration, biological processes, and clarification, producing a high-quality effluent suitable for safe disposal or reuse for irrigation purposes.

Septic Tank, AWTS, Advanced STS Wastewater Cycle

How does an Aerated Wastewater Treatment System (AWTS) work?

AWTS comprises multiple treatment stages, including primary settling, aeration, clarification, and disinfection. Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems mainly aim to treat wastewater by breaking down organic matter and reducing harmful contaminants before the treated water is discharged into the environment or dispersed via subsurface irrigation.

Stage 1. Primary Treatment (Separation Stage)

  • Wastewater (influent) enters the primary chamber from the household source.
  • In this chamber, the wastewater separates into three layers:
    • Scum layer: Fats, oils, and grease (FOGs) float to the surface.
    • Effluent layer: Liquids settle in the middle.
    • Sludge layer: Solids settle at the bottom.
  • The primary-treated effluent flows through a transfer port into the aeration tank, while scum and sludge remain in the primary chamber.

Stage 2. Aeration (Biological Treatment Stage)

  • The aeration tank introduces oxygen into the effluent using an air blower, creating an environment for aerobic bacteria and microorganisms to break down organic matter.
  • Media within the tank supports bacteria growth and prevents short-circuiting of wastewater, ensuring thorough aeration.
  • This stage effectively digests organic waste and ensures extended biological treatment.

Stage 3. Clarification (Settlement Stage)

  • After aeration, the effluent flows into the clarification chamber, a quiescent zone where suspended particles and solids settle out of the water.
  • These particles are returned to the septic or aeration chambers via a sludge return system. This aids in further biological reduction, denitrification, and maintaining a steady microbial population for periods of limited flow.

Stage 4. Disinfection (Safety Stage)

  • Before irrigation, the effluent undergoes disinfection in a chlorinator, which removes harmful bacteria, viruses, and pathogens.
  • The automatic chlorinator administers low doses of chlorine to ensure the water is safe for reuse.

Stage 5. Irrigation (Final Stage)

  • When the final chamber reaches a set level, a float switch activates the irrigation pump, sending the treated effluent to the irrigation field.
Garden Master Advanced Secondary Treatment System cross section AWTS

This comprehensive treatment process ensures the wastewater is thoroughly treated, producing clean and safe effluent suitable for irrigation while maintaining system efficiency and protecting the environment.

Variations in AWTS Systems

AWTS systems come in various designs and sizes, with their capacity influenced by factors such as:

  • The number of users
  • Property size
  • Local regulations

Compliance with relevant regulatory requirements, along with proper system maintenance and monitoring, is essential for efficient operation and long-term environmental sustainability.

General Guidelines for Aerated Wastewater Treatment System Tank Sizing

Determining the ideal AWTS tank size can be challenging as every property has unique needs. However, AS/NZS 1546.1:2008 provides general guidelines:

  • A home with 4–6 bedrooms typically requires a minimum tank size of 4,500L for regular wastewater production.

It’s important to note this is a guideline only. Consulting local wastewater specialists is strongly recommended to ensure your system is appropriately sized and functioning efficiently for your specific circumstances.

Useful Reading: 

When Advanced STS is Required

Often, an Advanced STS (Sewage Treatment System) may be necessary instead of an AWTS.

By considering these factors and seeking expert advice, you can ensure your wastewater system operates effectively and sustainably.

“The treated effluent from domestic wastewater treatment systems should not be used for human consumption or to irrigate vegetables or fruit, and the irrigation area should not be used for recreational purposes

Considerations When Choosing a Septic System

We highly recommend reading our Septic Tank Buying Guide, which covers all the primary considerations. Such as:

  • Set back distances from houses, structures, waters sources etc
  •  Types of Septic Tanks and Systems
  • The average cost of a septic system
  • The process of getting a quote through to the installation
Speaking with an industry professional is an excellent idea to help you choose the best septic system tailored to your site.  
Useful Reading: 

Garden Master has been an industry leader for over 30 years, manufacturing, supplying, and servicing quality wastewater treatment systems and septic tanks for thousands of clients across Australia.

Don’t hesitate to call us on 1800 632 582 with any questions!

Dual septic system
Product Reviews Tips & Advice

What Is An Advanced Secondary Treatment System?

30 November 2021

There is a vast array of wastewater treatment systems by various manufacturers throughout Australia, making you feel overwhelmed when buying a wastewater system.

Each brand and system type are all varied to a degree, but all have the same desired outcome of treating your wastewater and returning it to the natural environment safely.

This particular article will look at the differences between Primary Wastewater and Secondary Wastewater Treatment Systems.

Primary Wastewater Treatment Systems

A “primary” system is essentially a traditional septic tank and absorption trench with no additional systems. The effluent and wastewater flows from the premises into the Septic Tank for treatment and then to the absorption trenches using gravity (a pump is used when gravity is unachievable). 

Septic tanks turn wastewater into an effluent that must be disinfected via UV exposure, sand filters, wetlands, or leached back into the ground via irrigation or sprinklers. 

The absorption trenches are underground, so the effluent doesn’t come into contact with humans and animals because the quality of the effluent is generally poor. Turf or other suitable plants are planted on top of the trenches to absorb nutrients and remove excess water through evapotranspiration. 

 

healthy septic tank

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note, Septic tanks do not kill pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites.

You should take extreme caution with effluent coming into contact with people, food, clothing and pets.

Septic tanks (Primary Waste Treatment Systems), absorption trenches, or leach field style systems are Australia’s most common septic systems.  Primary Waste Treatment Systems tend to be a cost-effective option with low installation and ongoing maintenance costs. 

Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems

Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems (STS) and Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) treat the wastewater from your home to a much higher quality than a Primary system. 

For example, our Advanced Secondary Treatment Systems receives all wastewater from the premises, including the kitchen, toilet, shower and laundry, and quietly and efficiently recycles all the household wastewater into clean, clear and odourless water suitable for irrigation on your garden and lawns. 

double awts septic system

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How Does Advanced STS Work?

The influent enters the Primary chamber, where scum and solids are separated from the raw influent. Primary treated effluent flows through to the aeration tank. The Primary tank will also be a storage chamber for sludge returned via the Clarification Chamber.  

Once the effluent enters the Secondary chamber, air is introduced via an air blower to create an environment for aerobic bacteria and other helpful organisms to consume the organic matter present. The aeration tank (Secondary treatment tank) is designed to help prevent short-circuiting of the wastewater to ensure extended aeration. Media is also present in the tank to support the growth of bacteria.

The Clarification chamber is essentially a quiescent zone where suspended particles/solids are settled out of the water. These particles are returned to either the primary or secondary chambers via a sludge return which aids in further biological reduction, de-nitrification and providing a constant food supply rich in microbes supporting the system through periods of limited flows.

And lastly, disinfection is achieved via low doses of chlorine to kill off any remaining harmful organisms, which is performed through an automatic chlorinator.

garden master AWTSFor these reasons, Advanced STS and AWTS are fast becoming the most popular choice for residential septic systems and commercial wastewater systems used throughout Australia. Garden Master septic systems are Advanced STS and the systems we recommend.

 

If you’re unsure what septic system would suit your property, check out our article Septic Tank Buying Guide or simply get in touch for some friendly advice.

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